This article continues our multi-part series focused on architectural coordination as it relates to mechanical, electrical, and fire protection systems, based on updates to the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), ASHRAE 90.1, and related standards. This installment highlights the growing importance of functional testing for lighting control systems—a code-mandated step that ensures buildings not only install energy-saving technology but also confirm its performance in the field. Field testing verifies, through visual inspection and functional performance tests, the newly installed automatic lighting controls—such as occupancy sensors, daylight harvesting sensors, time-switch controls, and programmable lighting schedules—operate as designed and comply with manufacturers’ instructions.
One of the primary reasons functional testing of controls is necessary is to ensure energy efficiency. Modern lighting control systems are designed to reduce energy consumption by automatically adjusting lighting based on occupancy, time of day, or available natural light. However, even the most advanced control system can fail to deliver savings if it is not correctly installed, programmed, and calibrated. Functional testing ensures these systems are not only present but also effective in achieving their full savings potential.
Another important factor is occupant comfort and usability. Poorly functioning lighting controls can lead to insufficient lighting levels, lights turning off at inopportune times, or the need for manual adjustment that disables automatic energy-saving features. By identifying and correcting these issues during the functional testing phase, contractors can improve occupant experience and avoid costly mistakes and callbacks.
Who can perform this test? Energy codes require that testing be performed by a qualified person who has appropriate knowledge and experience with automatic lighting control systems. Examples include commissioning agents, lighting controls specialists, licensed electricians, or other professionals approved by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Requirements vary by state, so be sure to consult your local and state codes.
Energy codes also regulate when functional testing occurs. Testing is required after the lighting control system installation is complete and prior to the final building inspection or issuance of the certificate of occupancy. The process, which is further outlined in the IECC and ASHRAE 90.1, involves specific observations and testing methods based on the type of control devices present in the system. The results of these tests must be documented to confirm compliance and submitted to the registered design professional for review and sign-off. Any malfunctions or deviations must be reported to the contractor for correction and retesting. A final report shall be submitted to the Owner for their records.
Overall, functional testing of lighting controls is not just a regulatory formality – it is a crucial quality assurance step. It confirms energy savings are real, occupant comfort is achievable, and the building meets its performance and compliance goals. As energy codes continue to evolve in greater support of sustainability, the importance of more thorough functional testing of lighting controls will only continue to grow.
If you’d like to learn more about how Barton supports lighting control commissioning and code compliance or how early planning can prevent lighting control issues, please contact Jennifer Harrington, Director of Lighting Design, jlh@ba-inc.com.